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"Late Antiquity was particularly fertile in regard to the development of religion and philosophy; both what was propounded by scholars and what people throughout society thought and believed. The competition and cross-pollination between traditional Greco-Roman religion, Middle and Neo-Platonist philosophy, and Christian theology of the Patristic era created a feast for researchers that is both interesting and interdisciplinary. Current narratives of both peaceful competition and violent struggle between Christianity and Paganism (for lack of a better term) are reductive and incomplete. Greenwood's research, published between 2013 and 2018 in the fields of history, divinity, and philosophy, demonstrates the complexity of that era and provide a more fully-orbed picture of major actors including the Emperor Julian, Porphyry of Tyre, and Celsus. From the second to the fourth centuries, these were some of the major players in attempting to define the terrain in the conflict between their philosophies and the Christian religion. While the timeframe remains consistently within the late second to the mid-fourth centuries A.D., the evidence ranges between inscriptions, literature, and historical accounts. The particular focus of Greenwood's research is the emperor Julian (Flavius Caludius Julianus, d. 363), a figure of perennial interest, as not only the last pagan emperor, but the last anti-Christian polemicist of real significance in antiquity. This volume builds upon numerous recent articles offering a new perspective on Julian, bringing together research from ancient history, Neoplatonist philosophy, and patristic theology, and will be useful to students and scholars alike from these disciplines"--

This collection of papers, arising from the Late Antique Archaeology conference series, explores war and warfare in Late Antiquity. Papers examine strategy and intelligence, weaponry, literary sources and topography, the West Roman Empire, the East Roman Empire, the Balkans, civil war, and Italy

Eastern Mediterranean should be associated with a deep internal degeneration, a change in the military-administrative structure (the thematic system, exarchates, the reform of Heraclius), as well as the medievalization of culture. The state system of the empire did not undergo any fundamental changes, and the Christian church firmly blended into public life even in the framework of late antiquity

The following article discusses the importance of the province of Fars/Persis as an important province and the Persian Gulf as an important entrep�t. The essay seeks to demonstrate that because of the Perso-Byzantine rivalry the amount of trade on the silk roads was reduced and consequently the amount of sea trade via the Persian Gulf was increased by the fifth and sixth centuries C.E. The campaign for controlling trade in silk and spices was taken to the seas, and Persian colonies were established as far away as Sri Lanka. Administrative seals and Sasanian silver coins also indicated a lively exchange of commodities and the presence of Persians in East Asia.